Children with ADHD show marked peer rejection and friendship impairment: approximately four times more likely to be rejected, 52–82% scoring over 1 SD above the classroom mean in rejection, and nearly twice as likely to have no classroom friends¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · review r2–r3 · q3
Currency · newest study 2015 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · overdue for a recheck since 2020: baselines and conditions change

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Children with ADHD are approximately four times more likely to be rejected by peers than typical children, and 52–82% score greater than 1 SD above the classroom mean in peer rejection. → Mikami 2015 q3 i? Boys and girls with ADHD are nearly twice as likely as typically developing youth to have no friends in their classroom, and their friendships show poorer quality, stability, and more behavior-problem friends. → Mikami 2015 (2)

Evidence¶

Mikami 2015¶

Mikami, A. Y., & Normand, S. (2015). The Importance of Social Contextual Factors in Peer Relationships of Children with ADHD. Curr Dev Disord Rep. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40474-014-0036-0

q3 · i? · review · r3

The review reports sociometric nomination findings: children with ADHD receive many "like least" nominations and few "like most" nominations, and "52 – 82 % of children with ADHD score greater than 1 standard deviation above their classroom mean in peer rejection". No standardized effect size is printed for these rates.

"children with ADHD are approximately four times more likely to be rejected by their peers relative to typical children [ 3], even after periods of social contact as brief as a few hours"

Mikami 2015 (2)¶

Mikami, A. Y., & Normand, S. (2015). The Importance of Social Contextual Factors in Peer Relationships of Children with ADHD. Curr Dev Disord Rep. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40474-014-0036-0

q3 · i? · review · r2

The review reports friendship impairment: nearly twofold higher likelihood of having no classroom friends, and 76% of children with ADHD and comorbid conduct problems lacking "a single reciprocated friend in their class". Observational studies suggest less sensitivity to friends' needs.

"boys and girls with ADHD are nearly twice as likely as typically developing youth to have no friends in their classroom [3, 19]. In fact, one study found that fully 76 % of children with ADHD and comorbid conduct problems did not have a single reciprocated friend in their class"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Findings are mixed on whether friendship buffers the negative effects of peer rejection for children with ADHD
• Peer rejection incrementally predicts subsequent behavioral, emotional, and academic maladjustment in children with ADHD beyond ADHD status itself
• Existing child-focused treatments for ADHD, including the MTA's intensive behavioral management and medication, and clinic-based social skills training, have not improved peers' liking of children with ADHD
• Children with ADHD show medium-to-large peer problems relative to typically developing youth, with effect sizes from d=.72 (no comorbidities) to d=1.25 (comorbid conduct problems) — related