ADHD is associated with poor academic outcomes, including lower grade point average, increased grade retention, and lower rates of high-school graduation and post-secondary education¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · review r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2018 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Longitudinal clinically-based follow-up studies report that ADHD is associated with lower grade point average, increased rates of grade retention, and lower rates of high-school graduation and post-secondary education. → Franke 2018

Evidence¶

Franke 2018¶

Franke, B.; Michelini, G.; Asherson, P.; Banaschewski, T.; Bilbow, A.; Buitelaar, J.K.; Cormand, B.; Faraone, S.V; Ginsberg, Y.; Haavik, J.; Kuntsi, J.; Larsson, H.; Lesch, K.P.; Ramos-Quiroga, J.A.; Réthelyi, J.M.; Ribases, M.; Reif, A. (2018). Live fast, die young? A review on the developmental trajectories of ADHD across the lifespan. European Neuropsychopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.08.001

q2 · i? · review · r2

Narrative review section on disease outcome, summarising clinically-based longitudinal follow-up studies of pre-adolescents with ADHD into adulthood, citing Galera et al. (2009), Klein et al. (2012) and Mannuzza et al. (1993). The review reports "lower grade point average and increased rates of grade retention" and lower graduation and post-secondary education rates. No effect sizes printed.

"ADHD is associated with academic outcomes, such as poor academic performance (e.g., lower grade point average and increased rates of grade retention) ( Galera et al., 2009 ) and lower rates of high-school graduation and post-secondary education ( Galera et al., 2009; Klein et al., 2012; Man- nuzza et al., 1993 )"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• At least 15% of children with ADHD continue to meet full diagnostic criteria by age 25 and a further 50% meet criteria in partial remission, with European estimates of persistence up to 80%
• Meta-analyses establish that ADHD is associated with poorer performance on tasks measuring inhibition, working memory, planning, and vigilance in children, with overall similar impairment patterns in adults and a strong association with reaction time variability
• A third systematic review concluded ADHD medication reduced symptoms and impairments but found limited and inconsistent evidence for long-term medication effects on social functioning, academic achievement, employment status, and psychiatric comorbidity
• About 25–40% of patients with ADHD have major reading and writing difficulties, many show co-existing language disorders, and there is considerable overlap with arithmetical skills disorders
• Clinically relevant attention problems in ADHD cause writing problems without impairing reading — a narrower finding that bears on this claim