Claims

Late-afternoon immediate memory work shows about 2 per cent relative inefficiency compared with early morning work in 11-year-old boys

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 1911 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Design limits · W. H. Winch 1911: the intervention came bundled with another change (read from the study by two models, 2026-10-25)

Subclaims

Reading the evidence codes

q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.

This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.

q2 i? In a class of 51 boys averaging 11 years, the afternoon group improved on its preliminary record by 1 per cent while the morning group improved by 3 per cent, an advantage of about 2 per cent in improvability for morning workers. → W. H. Winch 1911

Evidence

W. H. Winch 1911

W. H. Winch. (1911). Mental Fatigue in Day School Children as Measured by Immediate Memory. Part II. The Journal of Educational Psychology. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Educational_Psychology

q2 · i? · causal · r2

Controlled school experiment with two equal groups of a Standard IV class (51 boys) matched on four preliminary consonant-memory tests, one tested mornings (9.45–10 A.M.) and one afternoons (4–4.15 P.M.) on four final tests. The article reports "an advantage of 2 per cent, in improvability of the morning over the afternoon workers"; no standardized effect size is printed.

"Group A—the morning group—improves on its preliminary record to the extent of 3 per cent.: Group B—the afternoon group—improves on its preliminary record to the extent of 1 per cent. There is apparently an advantage of 2 per cent, in improvability of the morning over the afternoon workers."

Discussion

Page metadata
Field Value
type claim
id afternoon-memory-inefficiency-two-percent-winch-1911
title Late-afternoon immediate memory work shows about 2 per cent relative inefficiency compared with early morning work in 11-year-old boys
description Late-afternoon immediate memory work shows about 2 per cent relative inefficiency compared with early morning work in 11-year-old boys
status review
evidence_strength moderate
newest_evidence 1911
generated by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-25
trust unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content
sources 1 — w-h-winch-1911

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