Extraversion's protective effect on well-being declines with age, significant only for younger students¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r1 · q2
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Age moderated the extraversion–well-being decline association (β = .022, p = .018): extraversion was protective for younger participants (β = –.345, p < .001), weaker at average age (β = –.180, p = .005), and non-significant among older individuals (β = –.015, p = .890). → Zavhorodnia 2026

Evidence¶

Zavhorodnia 2026¶

Zavhorodnia, O. V., & Shepelova, M. V. (2026). Big Five Traits and Tolerance for Uncertainty as Protective Factors of Subjective Well-Being of Students in Martial Law Conditions. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.17767

q2 · i? · associational · r1

Additional moderation analysis treating age as covariate in the 147-student sample, plotted in Figure 3. No significant age moderation was observed for other traits or uncertainty tolerance dimensions.

"A significant interaction was found between Age (S) and Extraversion (E) (β = .022, p = .018), indicating a moderation effect. Simple slopes analysis revealed that extraversion was a strong protective factor among younger participants (β = –.345, p < .001), remained significant but weaker at average age (β = –.180, p = .005), and was non-significant among older individuals (β = –.015, p = .890)"

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Age and Developmental Stage — moderator: an instructional effect differs with it
• Personality Traits — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

Related Claims¶

• Extraversion correlates negatively with well-being decline in wartime students, though less strongly than emotional stability — related
• Openness partially mediates effects of extraversion and novelty tolerance, and fully mediates general uncertainty tolerance, on well-being decline — related
• Emotional stability shows the strongest negative association with decline in students' subjective well-being under martial law — related
• Older students show weaker social comparison effects but stronger dimensional comparison effects than younger students — related
• The mediating role of executive functions remains significant when children's temperament and vocabulary are modeled as alternative mediators — related