Training effects on spatial language comprehension and verbal number skills tended to appear in younger rather than older children¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr2·q2
Currency · newest study 2025 · checked against its sources 2026-10-23 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i? ANCOVA considering age as covariate suggested training effects on comprehension and verbal number skills tended to show up in younger children. → Nadja Lindner 2025
Evidence¶
Nadja Lindner 2025¶
Nadja Lindner, Korbinian Moeller, Frauke Hildebrandt, Marcus Hasselhorn, Jan Lonnemann. (2025). Training children's spatial language skills improves their numerical magnitude understanding. Learning and Instruction 99 (2025) 102191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2025.102191
q2 · i? · causal · r2
Additional robust one-way ANCOVA (10% trimmed means) comparing group improvement difference scores with age as covariate. The article reports effects "tended to show up in the younger rather than the older children"; detailed results are hosted on OSF.
"However, for both comprehension of spatial language and verbal number skills, there is evidence of an influence of age suggesting that for these two variables, effects of training tended to show up in the younger rather than the older children"
Discussion¶
Learner Variables¶
- Age and Developmental Stage — moderator: an instructional effect differs with it
- Oral Language — outcome: instruction changes it
Related Claims¶
- A single bout of closed-skill exercise improves short-term memory performance only in older primary-school children (9–10 years), not in 7–8-year-olds. — related
- DD children's deficit in non-symbolic number magnitude processing appears only in studies of older children (10 years and above), not younger ones — related
- Age moderated change in metacognitive regulation, with younger children decreasing and older children increasing between pre- and post-test — related
- Spatial language training significantly improves 4-6-year-olds' spatial language comprehension compared to controls — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
age-moderates-training-effects |
title |
Training effects on spatial language comprehension and verbal number skills tended to appear in younger rather than older children |
description |
Training effects on spatial language comprehension and verbal number skills tended to appear in younger rather than older children |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
weak |
newest_evidence |
2025 |
source_checked |
2026-10-23 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-23 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — nadja-lindner-2025 |
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