During revision, supported groups (AI, human expert, checklist) engage more in elaboration, organisation and orientation, while AI and human-expert groups read less than the control group¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? In the revising stage, AI, HE and CL groups engaged more extensively in Elaboration and Organisation and showed more Orientation than the CN group, while AI and HE groups participated less in reading. → Fan 2025

Evidence¶

Fan 2025¶

Fan, Y., Tang, L., Le, H., Shen, K., Tan, S., Zhao, Y., Shen, Y., Li, X., & Gasevic, D. (2025). Beware of Metacognitive Laziness: Effects of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Learning Motivation, Processes, and Performance. British Journal of Educational Technology. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13544

q3 · i? · causal · r2

Kruskal-Wallis comparison of trace-parsed SRL process frequencies between treatment groups and the control group in the randomised lab experiment, shown in Figure 3 for both learning stages. No significant frequency differences appeared in stage 1; differences emerged in the revising stage.

"during the revising, learners in the AI, HE and CL groups engaged more extensively in the processes of Elaboration and Organisation , which primarily involve writing activities, compared to those in the CN group. Conversely, learners in the AI and HE groups participated less in reading."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Checklist tool use significantly increases Evaluation processes, an effect not observed in the ChatGPT and human-expert groups — related
• Process mining shows the ChatGPT group's revision loop centred on consulting ChatGPT, while the human-expert group strengthened connections between revising and reading, orientation and evaluation — related
• The ChatGPT group achieves significantly greater essay score improvement than the other three groups — related
• Learners supported by ChatGPT, a human expert, checklist tools, or no support show no significant difference in post-task intrinsic motivation — related