A qualitative review reports that AI applications supported learners' attitudes, motivation and self-efficacy in the forethought phase, but self-efficacy gains were inconsistent across studies, and students with initially low self-efficacy often struggled to use the tools¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · review r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2025 · checked against its sources 2026-10-26 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

Reading the evidence codes

q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.

This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.

q2 i? In the forethought phase, AI applications positively impacted learning attitudes, motivation, and self-efficacy, but self-efficacy gains were not consistent across studies; the review gives students with initially low self-efficacy, who often struggled to leverage AI tools effectively, as one example. → Min Lan & Xiaofeng Zhou 2025

Evidence¶

Min Lan & Xiaofeng Zhou 2025¶

Min Lan & Xiaofeng Zhou. (2025). A qualitative systematic review on AI empowered self-regulated learning in higher education. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00319-0

q2 · i? · review · r2

The review's positive/negative analysis of the SRL phases across included studies (Table 4). It reports that "improvements in learning self-efﬁcacy were not consistent" across studies.

"In the forethought phase, AI applications positively impact the improvement of learners'learning attitudes, motivation, and self-efﬁcacy. However, improvements in learning self-efﬁcacy were not consistent. For instance, students with initially low self-efﬁcacy often struggled to leverage AI tools effectively."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

Motivation — outcome: instruction changes it
Self-Efficacy — outcome: instruction changes it

All AI applications and tools predominantly influence the performance phase of SRL, particularly by facilitating monitoring and control — related
Students attributed initial passive reliance on GenAI to prompting paralysis and an authority bias compounded by low academic self-efficacy — a narrower finding that bears on this claim

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Field	Value
`status`	`review`
`generated`	by `process:wiki-ingest` on `2026-10-26`
`trust`	unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content

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