BTA implementation data are often partial, inconsistent, or unreliable, hindering accountability at scale¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · review r2–r3 · q2
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · recheck by 2030: baselines and conditions change

Subclaims¶

Reading the evidence codes

q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.

This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.

q2 i? In Texas studies, BTA data were often partial or incomplete and sometimes conflicted between district and state agency reports. → DePaoli 2025 q2 i? Only 7 of the 20 states mandating school BTAs require BTA data collection and reporting, and no state mandates public availability. → DePaoli 2025 (2)

Evidence¶

DePaoli 2025¶

DePaoli, J. L., & Loewe, S. B. (2025). Keeping schools safe? The research on behavioral threat assessments. Learning Policy Institute. https://doi.org/10.54300/808.437

q2 · i? · review · r2

A follow-up Texas study requested data directly from the 10 largest districts plus 5 others selected for high BTA or disciplinary counts. Researchers "found that BTA data were often partial or incomplete" and sometimes differed from state agency reports.

"They found that BTA data were often partial or incomplete and that, in some cases, the data reported by the school district were different than what was reported by the Texas Education Agency."

DePaoli 2025 (2)¶

DePaoli, J. L., & Loewe, S. B. (2025). Keeping schools safe? The research on behavioral threat assessments. Learning Policy Institute. https://doi.org/10.54300/808.437

q2 · i? · review · r3

The report's policy analysis finds that "only 7 of the 20 states mandating school BTAs require data on BTAs to be collected and reported," with even fewer requiring disaggregated, full-breadth data, and no state mandating public availability.

"In total, only 7 of the 20 states mandating school BTAs require data on BTAs to be collected and reported, and even fewer require a full breadth of data"

Discussion¶

Black students and students with disabilities are disproportionately referred for behavioral threat assessments — related
Inconsistent and insufficient data make it difficult to measure California's ECE investment and unmet demand, including no unique child identifier and no centralized waiting list — related
Inconsistent terminology across agencies and restrictive data-sharing rules are central barriers to identifying and serving highly mobile youth in both states — related

Page metadata

Field	Value
`type`	`claim`
`id`	`bta-data-collection-inconsistent-texas`
`title`	`BTA implementation data are often partial, inconsistent, or unreliable, hindering accountability at scale`
`description`	`BTA implementation data are often partial, inconsistent, or unreliable, hindering accountability at scale`
`status`	`review`
`evidence_strength`	`weak`
`newest_evidence`	`2025`
`recheck_by`	`2030`
`generated`	by `process:wiki-ingest` on `2026-10-10`
`trust`	unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content
`sources`	2 — `depaoli-2025`, `depaoli-2025-2`

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