Open ChatGPT support increases college students' final decision confidence relative to independent decision-making, and reflection attenuates the boost¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr2·q3·i2medium
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
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q3 i2 Students in the open ChatGPT condition reported higher final confidence than students in the independent condition, with reflection producing a smaller increase. → Ren S 2026
Evidence¶
Ren S 2026¶
Ren S (2026) College students’ metacognitive awareness of generative-AI reliance: an experimental study of decision confidence and attribution bias. Front. Psychol. 17:1926110. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1926110
q3 · i2 · causal · r2
Randomized three-condition experiment (114 per condition) on reasoning and information-evaluation tasks. The omnibus condition effect on final confidence was significant, F(2,339) = 10.34, p < 0.001, "η2p = 0.06", with the open ChatGPT condition exceeding the independent condition by Mdiff = 7.7 points.
"The condition effect on final confidence was significant,F(2,339) = 10.34,p < 0.001, η2p = 0.06.Holm-adjustedpairwisecontrastsshowedthatstudentsintheopen ChatGPT condition reported higher final confidence than students in the independent condition (Mdiff = 7.7, 95% CI [4.37, 11.03], adjustedp < 0.001)."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- A systematic review reports that over-reliance on AI dialogue systems fosters complacency and dependency and may weaken students' decision-making — the general claim this finding bears on, with the studies behind it
- Open ChatGPT support produces stronger self-serving attribution bias than ChatGPT support with reflection — related
- Reflection improves correspondence between perceived and behavioral reliance on ChatGPT — related
- A brief metacognitive reflection prompt reduces acceptance of incorrect AI advice compared with open ChatGPT support alone — related
- Reflection produced selective rather than blanket rejection of AI: alignment with correct advice stayed high while alignment with incorrect advice dropped — related
- ChatGPT recommendation accuracy was comparable between the open-support and reflection conditions, ruling out unequal exposure to erroneous advice — related
- Better awareness calibration co-occurs with lower incorrect-advice acceptance and lower attribution bias, interpreted associationally only — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
chatgpt-support-increases-final-confidence |
title |
Open ChatGPT support increases college students' final decision confidence relative to independent decision-making, and reflection attenuates the boost |
description |
Open ChatGPT support increases college students' final decision confidence relative to independent decision-making, and reflection attenuates the boost |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2026 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-11 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — ren-s-2026 |
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