Children with RD produce Spanish vowels less similar to a native speaker than control children, but adults with and without RD do not differ¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associationalr2·q3
Currency · newest study 2024 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? Children without RD had greater similarity to the native speaker in vowel frequency formants across all five Spanish vowels than children with RD, while no significant adult group difference was found. → Yang Fu 2024
Evidence¶
Yang Fu 2024¶
Yang Fu, Xiaohui Yan, Jiaqi Mao, Haibin Su & Fan Cao. (2024). Abnormal brain activation during speech perception and production in children and adults with reading difficulty. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-024-00266-2
q3 · i? · associational · r2
Acoustic analysis (Praat-extracted, Lobanov-normalized F1-F2 Euclidean distance to a native model speaker) of Spanish words produced during fNIRS scanning. The quote reports the child-group contrast, "t(40) = −4.69, p < 0.001", and the null adult contrast; no standardized effect size is printed, so impact is null.
"children without RD had a greater similarity to the native speaker than children with RD in the vowels ’ frequency formants across all five vowels ( t(40) = −4.69, p < 0.001, Fig. 2a), and no signi ficant difference was found between adults with RD and adults without RD (t(40) = −0.29, p = 0.77)."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- RD shows a slowed developmental reduction of right IFG and right DLPFC activation during perception of Spanish syllables highly similar to Chinese — related
- Right DLPFC activation during Spanish perception correlates negatively with pseudoword rhyming in children with RD but not adults with RD — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
child-rd-poorer-spanish-vowel-formants |
title |
Children with RD produce Spanish vowels less similar to a native speaker than control children, but adults with and without RD do not differ |
description |
Children with RD produce Spanish vowels less similar to a native speaker than control children, but adults with and without RD do not differ |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2024 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-26 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — yang-fu-2024 |
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