Each year of City Connects dosage predicts small significant increases in grade 5 math, reading, writing, and effort scores¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr2·q3
Currency · newest study 2016 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? Students in City Connects schools were predicted to have significantly higher grade 5 math, reading, writing, and effort scores, with standardized differences of 0.01 to 0.04 SD per year of exposure. → O'Dwyer 2016
Evidence¶
O'Dwyer 2016¶
O'Dwyer, L. M., Lee-St. John, T., Raczek, A. E., Luna Bazaldua, D. A., & Walsh, M. (2016). Examining the role of early academic and non-cognitive skills as mediators of the effects of City Connects on middle school academic outcomes. SREE Spring 2016 Conference. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED567236
q3 · i? · causal · r2
Model 1 multilevel regressions predicting grade 5 mediators from school treatment status and student dosage. The article reports "standardized differences ranged from 0.01 to 0.04 standard deviations" per year of City Connects enrollment.
"After controlling for student covariates, standardized differences ranged from 0.01 to 0.04 standard deviations for each year the student was in a City Connects school."
Discussion¶
Learner Variables¶
- Time and Continuity — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes
Related Claims¶
- City Connects participation is associated with a 0.15 SD advantage in grade 8 mathematics achievement — related
- Grade 5 academic and non-cognitive skills are positive predictors of grade 8 mathematics scores — related
- Dosage significantly predicts intervention effects in a linear model (β = 0.03 per hour), but the dosage main effect is no longer significant after controlling for moderators — related
- Mediation hypothesis not confirmed: indirect effects of City Connects through grade 5 academic and non-cognitive skills are not significantly different from zero — related
- 10.4% of grade 8 mathematics score variability lies between schools and is predicted by City Connects participation — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
status |
review |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-11-03 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
Frontmatter is the page's machine-readable record — see the Schema & Guide.