Metacognitive ability improves across adolescence, with a logarithmic age trajectory¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 2 studies · 2 associational r2 · q2 · i2 medium
Currency · newest study 2021 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i2 A negative correlation was observed between child age and the CMS metacognition score (r = -0.27, p < 0.01), indicating metacognitive ability increases with age. → dos Santos Kawata KH 2021 q2 i? Both linear and logarithmic regression models were significant for CMS metacognition, with the logarithmic model fitting better. → dos Santos Kawata KH 2021 (2) q2 i? No significant correlation was observed between age and CMS self-judgment accuracy (r = -0.03, p = 0.40). → dos Santos Kawata KH 2021

Evidence¶

dos Santos Kawata KH 2021¶

dos Santos Kawata KH, Ueno Y, Hashimoto R, Yoshino S, Ohta K, Nishida A, Ando S, Nakatani H, Kasai K and Koike S (2021) Development of Metacognition in Adolescence: The Congruency-Based Metacognition Scale. Front. Psychol. 11:565231. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565231

q2 · i2 · associational · r2

Correlational analysis across all 633 child-parent pairs examined age effects on CMS scores. Child age correlated negatively with CMS metacognition (r = -0.27, p < 0.01), meaning lower scores (higher ability) at older ages, but not with self-judgment accuracy (r = -0.03, p = 0.40).

"A negative correlation was observed between child age and the CMS metacognition score ( r = −0.27, p < 0.01), but not on self-judgment accuracy score ( r=− 0.03, p= 0.40)."

dos Santos Kawata KH 2021 (2)¶

dos Santos Kawata KH, Ueno Y, Hashimoto R, Yoshino S, Ohta K, Nishida A, Ando S, Nakatani H, Kasai K and Koike S (2021) Development of Metacognition in Adolescence: The Congruency-Based Metacognition Scale. Front. Psychol. 11:565231. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565231

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Regression analysis with age as the independent variable on all participant samples tested linear and logarithmic models for CMS metacognition. Both models were significant, and the logarithmic model had a lower standard error of the regression (SE = 2.396 vs. 2.406), suggesting it fit better.

"the regression analysis showed that both the linear model [ F(1, 631)= 49.6, p < 0.01; B=− 0.22, B SE= 0.03, β=− 0.27, p < 0.01] and non-linear model (logarithmic) [ F(1, 631) = 55.7, p < 0.01; B=− 3.76, B SE= 0.50, β=− 0.29, p < 0.01] were significant for CMS metacognition."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Adolescents showed significantly lower metacognitive ability compared to young adults — related
• Metacognitive ability increases with age during adolescence and plateaus in adulthood when task performance is held constant — a broader claim this one bears on
• The adolescent improvement in metacognitive ability is independent of perceptual task performance, which was clamped and uncorrelated with age — related
• Both the quantity and the quality of metacognitive skills in math increase between the second and third year of secondary education (ages 13–15) — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• Combined with adolescent data, the lifespan profile of perceptual metacognitive efficiency is an inverted-U — related
• Metacognitive components differ in developmental trajectory: planning and evaluation grow in quantity and quality, orientation quantity decreases, and elaboration grows in frequency but not quality — related
• CMS metacognition correlates with AQ-J-50 social skills and total scores, but self-judgment accuracy does not — related
• CMS metacognition correlates with BCIS self-reflectiveness and CMS self-judgment accuracy correlates with BCIS self-certainty — related