The practiced group exceeded the control group on three of five tests (complex dotting, number code, letter code translation) by 5, 9, and 15 percent respectively, but did no better on digit-symbol substitution and slightly worse on digit-letter substitution.¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r1 · q2
Currency · newest study 1918 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Compared with controls, the practiced group excelled by 5% on Test 2, 9% on Test 3, and 15% on Test 5, did quite as well on Test 1, and was slightly worse on Test 4. → Dearborn 1918

Evidence¶

Dearborn 1918¶

Dearborn, W. F., and Brewer, J. M. (1918). Methods and Results of a Class Experiment in Learning. The Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol. IX, No. 2. https://psycnet.apa.org/journals/edu/9/2/

q2 · i? · causal · r1

Comparison of practiced and control groups' final test gains against the common preliminary average of both groups (Table IV B). The practiced group "excelled the unpracticed or con- trol group" by 5, 9, and 15 percent on tests 2, 3, and 5; on Test 1 the control group did quite as well and on Test 4 slightly better.

"In the three re- maining tests the practiced group excelled the unpracticed or con- trol group to the extent of 5, 9, and 15 per cent, respectively (tests 2, 3, and 5)."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Number Sense — outcome: instruction changes it

Related Claims¶

• Twenty-two trials of practice translating English into code raised average output from 43 to a highest-record average of 239 code symbols per five-minute period, a 537% gain. — related
• Practice in writing code produced practically no transfer to digit-letter substitution: the practiced group gained 12%, two percent less than the unpracticed control group. — possibly the same claim (merge candidate)
• Letter-cancellation practice produced only small gains and some losses in parts-of-speech cancellation, while the unpracticed control group gained on all parts of speech — related
• Practice in substituting digits for letters transferred positively to writing symbols for digits but interfered with writing digits for symbols — related