Lower-baseline participants often benefit more from executive-function training (compensation effects), and individual differences moderate training gains¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · review r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2017 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? EF training often produced compensation effects, with participants with lower baseline performance benefiting more; age, fluid intelligence, motivation, and training gain amount also contributed to intervention success. → Buttelmann F and Karbach J 2017

Evidence¶

Buttelmann F and Karbach J 2017¶

Buttelmann F and Karbach J (2017). Development and Plasticity of Cognitive Flexibility in Early and Middle Childhood. Front. Psychol. 8:1040. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01040

q2 · i? · review · r2

The review reports, citing prior studies (e.g., Cepeda et al., 2001; Karbach and Kray, 2009; Zinke et al., 2012), that "participants with lower baseline performances benefitted more"; it notes underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown, especially in early childhood.

"EF training often resulted in compensation effects, indicating that participants with lower baseline performances benefitted more"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Children with the weakest executive functions benefit the most from EF interventions, so early training may reduce social disparities in EFs — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• Children with lower pre-test executive function and social cognition skills improve more, while attendance, teacher involvement, age and school year do not predict gains — a narrower finding that bears on this claim