Higher self-reported confusion predicts a much larger negative effect on future performance when learners answer more questions incorrectly¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2016 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Evidence quality · No study behind this claim is a peer-reviewed article with a DOI: it rests on an ERIC document (a report, conference paper or thesis). It is kept because 3 design pages cite it; treat it as a lead to check, not an established finding.

Subclaims¶

q2 i? In the model, the interaction between the count of prior unsuccessful trials and averaged self-reported confusion was significant (estimate -0.18), such that confusion was more detrimental during mostly unsuccessful practice. → Maass 2016

Evidence¶

Maass 2016¶

Maass, J.K. and Pavlik Jr., P.I. (2016). Modeling the Influence of Format and Depth during Effortful Retrieval Practice. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Educational Data Mining. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED592715

q2 · i? · causal · r2

Exploratory affect modeling within the PFA-based logistic regression: confusion (averaged before/after practice) was the only affect improving model fit, and the Prior Incorrect x Confusion parameter (estimate -0.18, Z = -3.78) was retained. The authors call this work exploratory.

"when a learner answers more questions incorrectly, higher confusion predicts a much larger negative effect than if a learner has higher confusion but is still having mostly successful practice."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Achievement Emotions — moderator: an instructional effect differs with it

Related Claims¶

• Pre-tests reduced adult learners' persistence in a MOOC, though they improved post-test scores among those who completed it — the general claim this finding bears on, with the studies behind it

• Peer conflicts did not always produce conceptual change; they appeared to work only for students prepared to reflect on and reconstruct their conceptions — the general claim this finding bears on, with the studies behind it

• Unsuccessful retrieval attempts confer a smaller benefit to future performance than successful retrievals, whose advantage grows with item difficulty — related
• Error correction supports learning when it requires substantive cognitive work such as explanation and reconstruction — related
• Retrieval Failure Reduces Benefit — related