Frustration under the contingent tutor sat between the answer-on-request assistant and the question-only tutor¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2026 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

Reading the evidence codes

q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.

This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.

q3 i? Frustration was higher under the contingent tutor than under the assistant and lower than under the question-only tutor. → Hou 2026

Evidence¶

Hou 2026¶

Hou, X., Weng, Y., Yeh, C. H., Lee, D. L., Zheng, L., Li, F., Wang, W., & Liu, Y. (2026). Adaptive Scaffolding Needs Contingency: An AI Tutor That Escalates and Fades on What the Learner Does. arXiv preprint. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.22993 doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.22993

q3 · i? · causal · r2

After-task frustration self-report (1–5) from the within-subjects comparison (N=131), modelled with linear mixed models and Holm correction. The contingent tutor sat between the two baselines on both planned contrasts, as H3 predicted.

"Frustration was higher under Tutor C than under Tutor A (+0.42,𝑝Holm <. 001) and lower than under Tutor B (−0.29,𝑝Holm =. 011)"

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

Affect Regulation — outcome: instruction changes it
Achievement Emotions — outcome: instruction changes it

In an immediate post-test design, participants with an unrestricted chatbot achieved significantly higher learning deltas than participants with a Socratic chatbot (d = 0.80) or an EEG-adaptive exercise system (d = 0.85) — the general claim this finding bears on, with the studies behind it
A contingent tutor surrendered the full answer in one session in sixteen, against one in six for the question-only tutor — related
Contingent tutoring held delegation at the level of an answer-on-request assistant while delivering more artifacts, one decision at a time — related
A contingent AI tutor places metacognitive demand equal to a question-only tutor and higher than an answer-on-request assistant — related
Perceived task load and germane load did not differ between the contingent tutor and either baseline — related

Page metadata

Field	Value
`type`	`claim`
`id`	`contingent-tutor-frustration-between-baselines`
`title`	`Frustration under the contingent tutor sat between the answer-on-request assistant and the question-only tutor`
`description`	`Frustration under the contingent tutor sat between the answer-on-request assistant and the question-only tutor`
`status`	`review`
`evidence_strength`	`moderate`
`newest_evidence`	`2026`
`source_checked`	`2026-10-20`
`generated`	by `process:wiki-ingest` on `2026-10-10`
`trust`	unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content
`sources`	1 — `hou-2026`

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