Contrasting orthographically similar L2 words during multiple-choice learning improves their subsequent recall in the productive direction¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr2·q3
Currency · newest study 2022 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? Orthographically similar L2 words were produced significantly more accurately in recall when they had been contrasted during learning than when they had not, an advantage not found for semantically similar words. → Baxter 2022
Evidence¶
Baxter 2022¶
Baxter, P.A.; Bekkering, H.; Dijkstra, A.F.J.; Droop, W.; Hurk, M.M. van den; Léoné, F.T.M. (2022). Contrasting orthographically similar words facilitates adult second language vocabulary learning. Learning and Instruction. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2022.101582
q3 · i? · causal · r2
Experiment 1 recall posttest with 56 analyzed adults learning Dutch–pseudoword pairs in a mixed-effects regression; the sorted (contrasting) versus shuffled condition interaction with similarity was significant, with contrasted orthographically similar words recalled at "Mprop_cor = 0.24" versus 0.20 uncontrasted.
"the orthographically similar words were produced significantly more accurately when they had been contrasted (Mprop_cor = 0.24, SD = 0.43) than when they had not (Mprop_cor = 0.20, SD = 0.40), which was not the case for the semantically similar words."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Contrasting orthographically similar words makes incorrect recall answers more target-like (more specific representations) — related
- Verbal working memory positively and inhibitory control negatively relate to accuracy in the contrasting multiple-choice task — related
- Taking initial multiple-choice tests without feedback can lead students to later produce the incorrect lure answers they selected, even when an overall retrieval practice benefit occurs — related
- Multiple-choice testing increases the later production of multiple-choice lures as answers on cued recall tests, even under warning against guessing — related
- Contrasting shows no benefit on translation-recognition posttests in the productive direction — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
contrasting-orthographically-similar-l2-words-improves-recall |
title |
Contrasting orthographically similar L2 words during multiple-choice learning improves their subsequent recall in the productive direction |
description |
Contrasting orthographically similar L2 words during multiple-choice learning improves their subsequent recall in the productive direction |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2022 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-23 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — baxter-2022 |
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