Criterion-referenced test items should represent skills essential to learning to read and be arranged in the hierarchy used for teaching¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · theoretical r? · q2
Currency · newest study 1973 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Criterion-referenced items should be representative of skills essential to learning to read and arranged in an established teaching hierarchy. → Pikulski 1973

Evidence¶

Pikulski 1973¶

Pikulski, J. J. (1973). Criterion referenced measures for clinical evaluations. ERIC Document ED085660. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED085660 doi:10.1080/19388077409557262

q2 · i? · theoretical · r?

(ERIC records a journal version as Pikulski, J. J. (1974), Criterion referenced measures for clinical evaluations, Reading World, EJ109022. The citation this page carried before 2026-10-05, "Criterion Referenced Measurement in Reading. (1974). https://eric.ed.gov/", named no author and linked only ERIC's homepage; the quote below is verbatim in the abstract of ERIC record ED085660, the document this page was ingested from (sources/manifest.ndjson, eric-ed085660).)

The article's design guidance states items "should be representative of skills that are essential to learning to read" and "arranged in an established hierarchy that would be used for teaching reading." This is the author's recommendation, not an empirical test.

"The items on a criterion referenced measurement should be representative of skills that are essential to learning to read. The items should be arranged in an established hierarchy that would be used for teaching reading."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Criterion-referenced tests indicate whether a particular skill or objective has been achieved rather than comparing performance to other test takers — a broader claim this one bears on
• Criterion-referenced tests require empirically-based construct validation studies — related
• Statistical item selection that maximizes norm-referenced discrimination undermines criterion-referenced test definitions — related
• Content alignment between a test and its content domain represents key evidence for validating test score inferences — a broader claim this one bears on
• Norm-referenced mental-age and IQ metrics distract investigators from the structural and hierarchical aspects of developing abilities — related