Removing outliers does not meaningfully change cross-age tutoring meta-analysis results¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · quant-synthesis r3 · q3
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? After removing extremely small and large effect sizes, overall (g = 0.33), tutor (g = 0.38), and tutee (g = 0.33) estimates were similar to original results. → Chang 2025

Evidence¶

Chang 2025¶

Chang, A., Mauer, E., Wanzek, J., Kim, S., Scammacca, N., & Swanson, E. (2025). Examining the academic effects of cross-age tutoring: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 37, 19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-025-09997-z

q3 · i? · quant-synthesis · r3

Sensitivity analysis identified outliers by confidence-interval overlap criteria and re-ran meta-regression models. For tutees, 13 effect sizes from 5 studies were extremely small and 8 from 6 studies extremely large; one tutor study had an extremely large effect size.

"These results show no meaningful differences in the mean effect sizes from the tutor and tutee analyses before and after removing outliers."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Cross-age tutoring produces a small-to-moderate positive effect on academic outcomes for both tutors and tutees — related
• Cross-age tutoring effects on tutees do not significantly differ by number of sessions, tutor type, tutee risk type, or subject area — related