The proportion of the SES effect mediated by growth mindset varies across countries, reaching at most 0.11 in a few countries while most fall between 0 and 0.08¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · associational r3 · q3
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? A few countries (Chile, Indonesia, Australia, Brazil, Jamaica) show higher proportions mediated, up to 0.11, but most countries fall within 0 to 0.08. → Madia 2025 q3 i? Positive mediated interaction effects appear in some countries (e.g., Colombia, Panama, Brazil, El Salvador, Qatar, Brunei) with a maximum of 0.038. → Madia 2025 (2)

Evidence¶

Madia 2025¶

Madia, J. E., Gruijters, R. J., Raabe, I. J. & Hübner, N. (2025). Growth mindset and socioeconomic inequality in academic achievement across seventy-three PISA countries. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00365-8

q3 · i? · associational · r3

Country-level results from the four-way decomposition (Fig. 2, left panel), described in the Results text as showing cross-national variability in the proportion mediated for math scores.

"such as Chile, Indonesia, Australia, Brazil, and Jamaica, where the proportion mediated reaches a maximum of 0.11 — the majority of countries fall within the range of 0 to 0.08"

Madia 2025 (2)¶

Madia, J. E., Gruijters, R. J., Raabe, I. J. & Hübner, N. (2025). Growth mindset and socioeconomic inequality in academic achievement across seventy-three PISA countries. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00365-8

q3 · i? · associational · r3

Country-level mediated interaction results (Fig. 2, right panel) from the same decomposition; the article notes the proportion attributable to this interaction is negative in most countries because the total SES effect is negative.

"Countries such as Colombia, Panama, Brazil, El Salvador, Qatar, and Brunei in math exhibit stronger positive media ted interaction effects (max.038)"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Growth mindset mediates only a small share (about 2.9–3.2%) of the effect of SES on academic achievement across 73 countries — related
• The mediated interaction between SES and growth mindset is small but positive (about 0.006), indicating only minimal moderation of the SES effect — related
• Children from low-SES backgrounds hold more negative academic self-views, which partially mediate the SES-achievement association across 70 countries — related
• The direct effect of SES on achievement dominates: the controlled direct effect accounts for about 98% of the total SES effect in math — related