Cultural and psychological distance does not significantly predict PISA scores in reading, science, or math in covariate-adjusted models¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? In Model B, cultural distance was not a statistically significant predictor of reading (p = .297), science (p = .590), or math (p = .635) scores; no effect size was printed. → Wang 2026

Evidence¶

Wang 2026¶

Wang, Y., Tang, X., Wu, S., & Sun, X. (2026). Growth mindsets are less endorsed and less associated with academic performance in non-WEIRD cultures. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-026-00406-w

q3 · i? · associational · r2

Covariate-adjusted multilevel model (Model B) main effect of the Cultural and Psychological Distance index on PISA scores. All three tests non-significant ("p = .297", p = .590, p = .635); equivalence was not tested and no effect size is printed.

"Cultural and psychological distance does not statistically significantly predict PISA scores in reading (b = -236.67, β = -.15, se = 227.06, p = .297), science (b = -126.98, β = -.09, se = 235.55, p = .590), and math (b = -129.24, β = -.08, se = 272.65, p = .635."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• The mindset–achievement association is significantly weaker in more culturally distant (non-WEIRD) countries for reading and science, and marginally for math — related
• Growth mindset is positively associated with PISA reading, science and math performance overall (Model B standardized βs .21, .20, .16) — related