Both groups declined in vocabulary scores on the delayed posttest, possibly because rare off-list words were encountered too few times¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r1 · q2
Currency · newest study 2018 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? A relative decline in acquired words on the delayed posttest was observed for both groups (Clickers: M=4.29; No clickers: M=3.40), attributed to insufficient exposure to rare and off-list words. → Sénécal 2018

Evidence¶

Sénécal 2018¶

Sénécal, A.-M., Mezzaluna, V., & Cardoso, W. (2018). Make words click! Learning English vocabulary with clickers. In P. Taalas, J. Jalkanen, L. Bradley & S. Thouësny (Eds), Future-proof CALL: language learning as exploration and encounters – short papers from EUROCALL 2018. Research-publishing.net. https://doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2018.26.852

q2 · i? · causal · r1

Delayed posttest scores from Table 1 of the two-group vocabulary study. The authors interpret the decline as possible 'unlearning' due to rare and off-list words; this is an author interpretation, not a tested result.

"a relative decline in the number of acquired words on the delayed posttest, which was observed for both groups. It is possible that this decline (or ‘unlearning’) is due to the inclusion of rare and off-list words"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Vocabulary knowledge gained from eight encounters persisted over two weeks, with no significant immediate-to-delayed test differences — reports the opposite
• Descriptive patterns trend toward the Clicker Group, with higher score variability suggesting clickers may benefit some learners more than others — related
• Incidental vocabulary exposure produces reliable learning, but learners pick up only a small share of the unknown words they meet — a broader claim this one bears on