Delaying definite tracking is associated with a larger genetic influence and a lower shared-environmental influence on secondary educational attainment among Dutch twins¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (3 entries) · associationalr2·q2
Currency · newest study 2022 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i? Genes account for 55% of variance in attainment under immediate tracking versus 74% under delayed tracking. → Antonie Knigge 2022
q2 i? The shared environment accounts for 27% of attainment variance under immediate tracking but has no significant impact (2%) under delayed tracking. → Antonie Knigge 2022 (2)
q2 i? The model allowing different variance components for immediate and delayed tracking fits significantly better than the constrained model. → Antonie Knigge 2022 (3)
Evidence¶
Antonie Knigge 2022¶
Antonie Knigge, Ineke Maas, Kim Stienstra, Eveline L. de Zeeuw and Dorret I. Boomsma. (2022). Delayed tracking and inequality of opportunity: Gene-environment interactions in educational attainment. npj Science of Learning 7:6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-022-00122-1
q2 · i? · associational · r2
ACE modeling of twin data from the Netherlands Twin Register (N = 8847) comparing immediate versus delayed tracking groups. The results section reports "Genes account for 55% of the variance (0.72 of 1.31) in case of immediate tracking" against 74% under delayed tracking; the authors note 95% confidence intervals are just overlapping.
"Genes account for 55% of the variance (0.72 of 1.31) in case of immediate tracking and 74% (0.69 of 0.93) in case of delayed tracking."
Antonie Knigge 2022 (2)¶
Antonie Knigge, Ineke Maas, Kim Stienstra, Eveline L. de Zeeuw and Dorret I. Boomsma. (2022). Delayed tracking and inequality of opportunity: Gene-environment interactions in educational attainment. npj Science of Learning 7:6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-022-00122-1
q2 · i? · associational · r2
Same ACE decomposition of attainment for the two tracking groups in the results section. The article reports "a substantial impact (27%; 0.36) for immediately tracked children, but no significant impact when tracking occurs at a later age (2%; 0.02)"; no effect size is printed for the non-shared environment (18% vs 24%).
"The shared environment has a substantial impact (27%; 0.36) for immediately tracked children, but no significant impact when tracking occurs at a later age (2%; 0.02)."
Antonie Knigge 2022 (3)¶
Antonie Knigge, Ineke Maas, Kim Stienstra, Eveline L. de Zeeuw and Dorret I. Boomsma. (2022). Delayed tracking and inequality of opportunity: Gene-environment interactions in educational attainment. npj Science of Learning 7:6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-022-00122-1
q2 · i? · associational · r2
Likelihood-ratio comparison of the constrained versus unconstrained multigroup ACE models on the same twin sample, reported in the results. The article states the differences "could not be ignored statistically" with Chi 2(22) = 312.1, p < 0.001; only the test statistic is printed, so no effect size.
"The differences between the variance components of immediate versus delayed tracking could not be ignored statistically: Model 1a fits the data significantly worse than Model 1b (Chi 2(22) = 312.1, p < 0.001, two-sided)."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Delaying tracking is associated with a larger genetic influence especially among low-performing students, supporting the compensation hypothesis (H2b) — possibly the same claim (merge candidate)
- The association between delayed tracking and larger genetic influence is driven mostly by reduced primary effects (influences common to performance and attainment), not secondary effects — related
- In Dutch twin data, 61–91% of variance in Cito educational performance is attributable to genetic variance, 0–15% to shared environmental and 9–24% to non-shared environmental variance, depending on the assumed genetic relatedness of same-sex twins — related
- School quality does not moderate genetic and shared-environmental influences on educational performance once moderation by school SES and parental SES is considered — related
- Moderation findings are sensitive to the assumed genetic relatedness of same-sex twins: no school-quality moderation at rSSG 0.75 or 0.80, and the gene-SES moderation holds at 0.75 but not 0.80 — related
- A large share of the genetic influence on secondary-school attainment is due to genes that did not influence primary-school performance — related
- In a genetically informed twin study, the effect of shared family environment was substantially reduced among twins whose tracking was delayed until a later age — related
- Parental education is not related to whether children are tracked immediately or delayed — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
delayed-tracking-larger-genetic-influence |
title |
Delaying definite tracking is associated with a larger genetic influence and a lower shared-environmental influence on secondary educational attainment among Dutch twins |
description |
Delaying definite tracking is associated with a larger genetic influence and a lower shared-environmental influence on secondary educational attainment among Dutch twins |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2022 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-27 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
3 — antonie-knigge-2022, antonie-knigge-2022-2, antonie-knigge-2022-3 |
Frontmatter is the page's machine-readable record — see the Schema & Guide.