A two-round Delphi study with 18 professionals from cybersecurity, cybersecurity education, and general education validated the skills framework¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · design r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? The Delphi study involved 18 professionals from cybersecurity (n = 6), cybersecurity education (n = 5), and general education (n = 6), plus one additional participant. → Nicolai B. Plintz 2026 q2 i? In round 2, professionals evaluated all 30 matrix fields for completeness, age appropriateness, and correct categorization, and most identified skills were adopted. → Nicolai B. Plintz 2026 (2)

Evidence¶

Nicolai B. Plintz 2026¶

Nicolai B. Plintz, Dirk Ifenthaler. (2026). Empowering children online: a holistic skills framework for cybersecurity. Education Tech Research Dev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-025-10565-z

q2 · i? · design · r2

Two-round Delphi study with anonymous participation and feedback loops. Participants came from countries including Estonia, Germany, Italy, the USA, France, and Hungary; "18 professionals from the fields of cybersecu- rity (n = 6), cybersecurity education (n = 5), and general education (n = 6)". No effect sizes reported.

"The study, conducted using Microsoft Forms, involved 18 professionals from the fields of cybersecu- rity (n = 6), cybersecurity education (n = 5), and general education (n = 6), with one addi- tional participant from another area."

Nicolai B. Plintz 2026 (2)¶

Nicolai B. Plintz, Dirk Ifenthaler. (2026). Empowering children online: a holistic skills framework for cybersecurity. Education Tech Research Dev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-025-10565-z

q2 · i? · design · r2

Round 2 validation in which professionals assessed all 30 matrix fields; the article reports that "Most of the skills identified by the participants were adopted" and that feedback flagged missing or overly complex skills. No effect sizes reported.

"We subsequently gave the professionals each of the 30 fields for evaluation, asking them to assess them for completeness, age appropriateness, and correct categorization."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Delphi round 2 feedback flagged specific skills as too complex or age-inappropriate for 8–13-year-olds, including restoring files from a backup — related
• A systematic review and Delphi round 1 yielded 257 age-appropriate literature-based skills and 101 professional-identified skills for children aged 8–13 — related