In a Detroit age-grade survey, retardation peaked at the fifth grade and fell to a minimum at the eighth, with retardation greatest among negroes and Italians and acceleration greatest among United States whites, Scotch, and Russians¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r? · q2
Currency · newest study 1921 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Retardation rose to a peak at the fifth grade and fell to a minimum at the eighth, while acceleration increased gradually to the eleventh grade. → Gates 1921 q2 i? The greatest retardation was found among negroes and Italians; the greatest acceleration among United States whites, Scotch, and Russians. → Gates 1921

Evidence¶

Gates 1921¶

Gates, A. I. (1921). Educational Psychology at the Chicago Meetings of Scientific Societies. The Journal of Educational Psychology, 12(2). https://psycnet.apa.org/journal/edu

q2 · i? · associational · r?

Conference report of an age-grade survey of Detroit schools in which children were classified by nationalities, grades, and schools. The printed pattern shows retardation peaking at fifth grade and acceleration rising to eleventh, with nationality differences as quoted. No effect sizes are printed.

"Retardation rises to a peak at the fifth grade, falling to a minimum at the eighth. Acceleration increases gradually to the eleventh grade. On the whole, the greatest retardation is found among negroes and Italians; the greatest acceleration among United States whites, Scotch, and Russians."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Brighter pupils tend to work below capacity: the authors argue the greatest wastage exists among the brightest children, who may keep up to group averages while working under their ability — related
• Pedagogical retardation is far more prevalent than acceleration in American school systems, with retardation-to-acceleration ratios reported from several cities. — related