Black students and students with disabilities are suspended at disproportionately high rates, and high-poverty schools are more likely to have a School Resource Officer¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · design r1 · q2
Currency · newest study 2022 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · recheck by 2027: baselines and conditions change

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Black students and students with disabilities are suspended at disproportionately high rates compared with peers, and schools where more than 75 percent of students qualify for free or reduced-price lunch are more likely to have at least one full-time SRO. → Trout 2022 q2 i? Schools serving predominantly low-income students are more likely to have at least one full-time School Resource Officer. → Trout 2022 (2)

Evidence¶

Trout 2022¶

Trout, L., Pate, C., Wu, K., & McKenna, J. (2022). Reimagining school safety: A guide for schools and communities. WestEd. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED628885

q2 · i? · theoretical · r2

The guide reports, citing Sparks & Klein (2018), that "Black students and students with disabilities are suspended at disproportionately high rates when compared with their peers." No effect size is printed.

"Black students and students with disabilities are suspended at disproportionately high rates when compared with their peers (Sparks & Klein, 2018)"

Trout 2022 (2)¶

Trout, L., Pate, C., Wu, K., & McKenna, J. (2022). Reimagining school safety: A guide for schools and communities. WestEd. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED628885

q2 · i? · design · r1

The guide reports, citing Robers et al. (2015), that "schools where more than 75 percent of students qualify for free or reduced-price lunch are more likely to have at least one full-time School Resource Officer (SRO)."

"schools where more than 75 percent of students qualify for free or reduced-price lunch are more likely to have at least one full-time School Resource Officer (SRO) (Robers et al., 2015)"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Black students and students with disabilities in Maryland were suspended and expelled at more than twice the rates of other students — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• For the same types of infractions, Black students and students with disabilities were significantly more likely to receive out-of-school suspensions than other subgroups — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• Black and poor students are suspended from US schools at higher rates than White and nonpoor students — a broader claim this one bears on
• African American boys received out-of-school suspensions at five times the rate of white/Asian boys in CPS high schools in 2013-14 — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• Schools with school resource officers may have higher rates of exclusionary discipline, including a reported 21 percent increase in incidents — related
• The Berea College Promise Neighborhood serves an area where 81 percent of students qualified for free or reduced-price school meals in 2010 — related
• The Buffalo Promise Neighborhood serves a predominantly minority, high-poverty community — related
• Students with low prior test scores and students with disabilities were suspended at substantially higher rates than their peers in CPS — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• Black students and students with disabilities are disproportionately referred for behavioral threat assessments — related
• Students of color and students with disabilities are disproportionately suspended and referred to law enforcement relative to their enrollment — possibly the same claim (merge candidate)
• Exclusionary discipline disproportionately affects students of color from low-income families and students with disabilities, who receive harsher penalties than peers for similar behaviors — related
• School resource officers have limited effects on school safety and increase suspensions, expulsions, police referrals, and arrests, with larger negative effects for Black students and students with disabilities — related
• Local School Council decisions collectively produced racialized differences in SRO presence, with Black students more than twice as likely as other students to have an SRO in their school — related
• Campus policing and surveillance disproportionately burden students of color, who mostly report police do not make them feel safer — related