Drill classes improved from two to three times as much as non-drill classes in arithmetic fundamentals¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r1 · q2
Currency · newest study 1915 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Improvement made by members of the drill classes averaged from two to three times as much as the improvement made by the non-drill classes. → Brown 1915

Evidence¶

Brown 1915¶

Brown, J. C. (1915). An Investigation on the Value of Drill Work in the Fundamental Operations of Arithmetic. Part II. The Journal of Educational Psychology. https://psycnet.apa.org/journals/edu/

q2 · i? · causal · r1

Comparative analysis of first and second test records of drill and non-drill sections across four cities. The author states the improvement made by drill classes "averages from two to three times as much as the improvement made by the non-drill classes." No inferential test statistic is printed; gains are descriptive percentages.

"In all of the preceding tables it appears that the improvement made by members of the drill classes averages from two to three times as much as the improvement made by the non-drill classes."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Operations and Place Value — outcome: instruction changes it

Related Claims¶

• Best and poorest drill pupils both gained more than their non-drill counterparts, narrowing the within-class gap — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• Drill classes gained 24.2 percent in total points in the second study, with per-operation gains of 18.5 to 34.2 percent — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• No sex difference in the effect of drill on arithmetic improvement — related
• Drill effect is greatest on the poorest portion of the class and decreases class variability — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• Second-study results corroborate the first study despite a shorter drill period of 20 versus 30 recitations — related
• Distributing drill repetitions in time gives better learning results than making many repetitions in succession — related