In four weeks of live online lectures, neutral emotion dominated and rose from 84.60% to 88.40% while happiness declined from 10.36% to 2.92%¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · design r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Neutral was the most dominant emotion each week, increasing from 84.60% in week one to 88.40% in week four, while happiness decreased steadily from 10.36% to 2.92%. → Emirhan Gülen 2026

Evidence¶

Emirhan Gülen 2026¶

Emirhan Gülen, Yüksel Göktaş. (2026). Facial expression recognition for investigating attention and affective states in synchronous online higher education. Educational technology research and development. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-026-10631-0

q2 · i? · design · r2

Descriptive analysis of EATS log data collected at 10-s intervals from 40 students over four weekly 40-min live lectures. The article reports the neutral proportion "increased from 84.60% in the first week to 88.40%" and happiness "dropping from 10.36%" to 2.92%; no effect size or significance test is printed.

"The proportion of neutral emotion increased from 84.60% in the first week to 88.40% in the fourth week. In contrast, happiness decreased steadily over time, dropping from 10.36% in the first week to 2.92% in the fourth week."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Tiredness rose steadily across the four weeks of live online lectures, from 4.93% to 8.24% of recorded time — related
• EATS showed high agreement with expert observation for happiness, surprise, sadness, and fear (92.5–97.5%) and for attention (97.5%) — related