Elementary schools with high poverty and high suspension rates have higher grade retention odds among similar-achieving students¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associationalr2·q2
Currency · newest study 2023 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · recheck by 2028: baselines and conditions change
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i? Comparing students with similar test scores, grades, and attendance, odds of being retained were 32% higher in schools where more than 1% of students are suspended in a year, and 100% higher in top-quartile-poverty schools than bottom-quartile schools. → Irsheid 2023
Evidence¶
Irsheid 2023¶
Irsheid, S. (2023). Beyond the Student: Structural Factors that Affect Grade Retention. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Consortium on School Research. https://consortium.uchicago.edu/publications/beyond-the-student
q2 · i? · associational · r2
Elementary school findings (pp. 102-109 of the full study) from the observational analysis of CPS students: school-level poverty and suspension rates were associated with retention odds even among students with similar achievement. The brief reports these odds ratios directly.
"Comparing students with similar test scores, grades, and attendance, the odds of being retained in grade were: o 32% higher in schools where more than 1% of students are suspended in a year vs. schools with few suspensions; and o 100% higher in schools with the highest poverty rates (top quartile) than schools with the lowest poverty rates (bottom quartile)."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Students in census tracts with unaffordable housing, low home ownership, or little green space have higher odds of grade retention, even with similar achievement — related
- Exclusionary discipline is ineffective at improving school safety and harms both suspended students and their non-suspended peers — related
- Prior analyses with this sample found no harm to achievement or motivation at the transition to high school, yet retention still raises dropout odds — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
elementary-school-poverty-suspension-retention-odds |
title |
Elementary schools with high poverty and high suspension rates have higher grade retention odds among similar-achieving students |
description |
Elementary schools with high poverty and high suspension rates have higher grade retention odds among similar-achieving students |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2023 |
recheck_by |
2028 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-08 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — irsheid-2023 |
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