Students in higher grades report lower emotional engagement in science than third-grade students, with scores dropping below the grand mean from sixth grade onward¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · recheck by 2031: baselines and conditions change

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Descriptive grade-level means show emotional engagement in science declines with grade, ranging from 3.93 in grade three to 2.89 in grade 10, and scores fall below the grand mean from sixth grade onward. → Xin Xia 2026

Evidence¶

Xin Xia 2026¶

Xin Xia, Robert Tai. (2026). Exploring the association of student perceptions of science instruction and emotional engagement: The variance between grade level. Instructional Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-026-09800-8

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Descriptive analysis of survey data from 6,465 students in grades 3–12 across 25 schools, plotted by grade in Fig. 1. The article reports that "the mean scores range from 2.89 in grade 10 to 3.93 in grade three"; scores were above the grand mean (M = 3.34) before sixth grade and below it from sixth grade on.

"the mean scores range from 2.89 in grade 10 to 3.93 in grade three, showing students in higher grades have lower emotional engagement compared to grade 3."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

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