Analyzing fluctuation of engagement over time rather than averaging on-task and off-task instances across a lecture provides novel insights into student behavior¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · review r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2021 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Looking at how engagement fluctuates across time, rather than averaging on-task and off-task instances over the whole task duration, gives novel insights into students' behavior and learning. → Kaakinen 2021

Evidence¶

Kaakinen 2021¶

Kaakinen, J. K. (2021). What Can Eye Movements Tell us about Visual Perception Processes in Classroom Contexts? Commentary on a Special Issue. Educational Psychology Review, 33, 169-179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-020-09573-7

q2 · i? · review · r2

The commentary reports, citing Rosengrant et al. in the Special Issue, that students' gaze on the lecturer or notes was coded as engaged and gaze elsewhere (e.g., cell phone) as off-task, and that the distribution of these instances over time revealed how engagement fluctuated. No effect size is printed.

"As indicated by the results of Rosengrant and colleagues, looking at fluctuation of engagement as it evolves across time instead of averaging, for example, on-task and off-task instances across the whole duration of the task provides novel insights into students ' behavior and learning."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• University students' visual engagement in real lectures is higher than practitioners often expect and can remain high despite fluctuations — related
• University students remain highly on-task throughout 70-minute lectures, refuting the 15–20 minute attention-span myth — related
• Delayed effort ratings are higher than the average of immediate ratings, suggesting itemized appraisals are more sensitive to effort fluctuations — related