Deficits in executive function and letter recognition predict delayed cardinal principle knower status¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2019 · checked against its sources 2026-10-24 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? A 1 SD decrease in executive function yields a 5.7-fold increase in odds of delayed CPK status; a 1 SD decrease in letter recognition yields a 9-fold increase. → Geary David C. 2019

Evidence¶

Geary David C. 2019¶

Geary David C., vanMarle Kristy, Chu Felicia W., Hoard Mary K., Nugent Lara. (2019). Predicting Age of Becoming a Cardinal Principle Knower. Journal of Educational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000277

q3 · i? · associational · r2

Binomial logistic regression contrasting delayed CPKs (not CPK by end of preschool) with all other children. The model with executive function and letter recognition was highly significant, χ2(2) = 47.05, p < .0001, classifying 92% correctly.

"a 1 SD decrease in executive function resulted in a 5.7-fold increase in the odds of being in the delayed CPK status group [χ2(1) = 8.79, p = .003, 95% CI 1.8 to 17.9]."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Executive Function — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes
• Self-Regulation — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

Related Claims¶

• Early CPKs show quantitative advantages beyond their domain-general advantages, while delayed CPKs' quantitative deficits are largely secondary except for enumeration — related
• A combination of full scale IQ, letter recognition, enumeration, and discrete quantity discrimination predicts the time of becoming a cardinal principle knower across preschool — related
• There is a linear relation between CPK timing and performance on most domain-general and quantitative measures — related
• Numeral recognition is the strongest predictor of early cardinal principle knower status, with a 1 SD increase yielding a 3.5-fold increase in odds — related