Claims

Experiment 2 replicated that direct falsification of the initial category is not necessary for learning the new category, with a Confirmatory-Only advantage on block 6 only.

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · causal r1 · q2
Currency · newest study 2015 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims

Reading the evidence codes

q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.

This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.

q2 i? Experiment 2 groups did not differ in learning the target, χ2 (42) = .11, p = .739. → Ramsburg 2015 q2 i? The Confirmatory-Only condition performed better on block 6, t (40) = 4.56, p < .001, and marginally on block 7, with no differences on blocks 8–10. → Ramsburg 2015 (2)

Evidence

Ramsburg 2015

Ramsburg, J. T., & Ohlsson, S. (2015). Category Change in the Absence of Cognitive Conflict. https://www.google.com/search?q=%22Category+Change+in+the+Absence+of+Cognitive+Conflict%22

q2 · i? · causal · r1

Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1 with 61 introductory psychology students (21 per condition meeting criterion) plus revised instructions and a labeled-image handout. The chi-squared test showed "the groups did not differ in learning the target, χ2 (42) = .11, p = .739".

"We examined whether conditions differed in learning the target via a chi-squared test-of-independence that showed that the groups did not differ in learning the target, χ2 (42) = .11, p = .739."

Ramsburg 2015 (2)

Ramsburg, J. T., & Ohlsson, S. (2015). Category Change in the Absence of Cognitive Conflict. https://www.google.com/search?q=%22Category+Change+in+the+Absence+of+Cognitive+Conflict%22

q2 · i? · causal · r1

Because of the small sample, t-tests replaced a repeated-measures ANOVA for blocks 6–10 in Experiment 2. The Confirmatory-Only advantage appeared on block 6 and marginally on block 7, with no differences on blocks 8–10.

"The results of the t-tests revealed that participants in the confirmation condition performed better than the Complete condition for block 6, t (40) = 4.56, p < .001 and marginally better on block 7 for a one-tailed t-test, t (40) = 1.67, p = .051. There were no differences between the groups for blocks 8, 9, and 10, t < 1"

Discussion

Page metadata
Field Value
type claim
id falsification-not-needed-replication-exp2
title Experiment 2 replicated that direct falsification of the initial category is not necessary for learning the new category, with a Confirmatory-Only advantage on block 6 only.
description Experiment 2 replicated that direct falsification of the initial category is not necessary for learning the new category, with a Confirmatory-Only advantage on block 6 only.
status review
evidence_strength mixed
newest_evidence 2015
generated by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-23
trust unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content
sources 2 — ramsburg-2015, ramsburg-2015-2

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