Female students reported lower challenge emotions than male students after controlling for other variables¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Gender was significantly associated with challenge emotions, with female students reporting lower levels than male students. → Yang J 2026

Evidence¶

Yang J 2026¶

Yang J, Liu X, Zhao W and Wang T (2026). GenAI literacy and GenAI-assisted self-regulated learning behaviors: the roles of learning agency and challenge emotions. Front. Psychol. 17:1902668. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1902668

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Secondary covariate finding from the mediation model; the article reports the difference as significant but prints no effect size. It suggests the pattern may reflect gender-related differences in prior digital technology experiences and technology-related confidence, which were not directly examined.

"Female students reported lower levels of challenge emotions than male students after controlling for other variables."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Gender — predictor: outcomes differ by group: a gap reflecting circumstances and treatment, not a cause

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