Colleges serving the highest shares of first-generation students tended to have larger adequacy gaps, spending $1,475 below projected adequate cost¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associationalr3·q2
Currency · newest study 2022 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i? The highest first-generation-share quintile spent $10,523 per FTE against a projected adequate cost of $11,998, a 14 percent gap, versus a $405 (4 percent) gap in the lowest quintile. → Levin 2022
Evidence¶
Levin 2022¶
Levin, J., Baker, B., Lee, J., Atchison, D., & Kelchen, R. (2022). An Examination of the Costs of Texas Community Colleges. Regional Educational Laboratory Southwest. https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/edlabs
q2 · i? · associational · r3
Descriptive 2019/20 analysis comparing actual spending with projected adequate spending across first-generation-share quintiles (figure 2), using student-weighted averages within quintiles.
"The colleges serving the highest shares of first- generation college students (quintile 5) spent $10,523 per full-time equivalent student, which was $1,475 less than the projected adequate cost of $11,998 or a 14 percent difference"
Discussion¶
Learner Variables¶
- Socioeconomic Status — predictor: outcomes differ by group: a gap reflecting circumstances and treatment, not a cause
Related Claims¶
- Larger adequacy gaps between projected adequate cost and actual spending were associated with fewer success points milestones per FTE student — related
- Cost function analysis indicates substantially higher spending is needed for equal opportunity: weights of 2.49 for first-generation and 2.63 for students older than 24 — related
- Texas's current funding system is progressive for several need factors, but the additional spending may not be enough for equal opportunity — related
- Colleges with higher percentages of academically disadvantaged students spent less per FTE student, suggesting possible resource inequities — related
- Smaller community colleges tended to have larger adequacy gaps, with colleges under 4,001 students spending $1,871 (17 percent) below projected adequate cost — related
- Colleges with higher percentages of first-generation, economically disadvantaged, academically disadvantaged, older, and English learner students earned fewer success points milestones per FTE student — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
first-generation-larger-adequacy-gaps |
title |
Colleges serving the highest shares of first-generation students tended to have larger adequacy gaps, spending $1,475 below projected adequate cost |
description |
Colleges serving the highest shares of first-generation students tended to have larger adequacy gaps, spending $1,475 below projected adequate cost |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2022 |
source_checked |
2026-10-20 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-09 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — levin-2022 |
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