Among lower-risk children, higher formal HME was associated with worse arithmetic performance, a reversed association already present at ages 2 and 5¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associationalr2·q3
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? Among lower-risk children, a high level of formal HME was associated with worse arithmetic performance; lower-risk children with less formal HME had the best arithmetic performance. → Torppa 2025
q2 i? The negative association between skills and formal HME was already found at ages 2 and 5, challenging the interpretation that parents react to school feedback about learning problems. → Torppa 2025
Evidence¶
Torppa 2025¶
Torppa, M., Psyridou, M., Khanolainen, D., Koponen, T., & Salminen, J. (2025). Role of home math environment in the intergenerational transmission of math skills. Learning and Instruction, 97, Article 102080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2025.102080
q3 · i? · associational · r2
Simple slope analyses of the significant formal HME × parental skill interactions (Fig. 3) in the latent interaction models, showing reversed association direction for lower-risk children across HME measurement ages.
"Interestingly, however, the association was reversed for the children with lower risk: among them, a high level of HME-formal was associated with worse performance in arithmetic. The lower-risk children with less formal HME had the best arithmetic performance."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- HME-everyday activities at age 5 showed a protective effect, in contrast to other informal HME models, possibly because items were partially instructional for 5-year-olds — related
- Formal home math environment moderates the effect of parental math skills on children's arithmetic skills, showing a protective (gap-closing) effect for higher-risk children — related
- None of the HME measures served as a significant promotive factor; the only significant correlation between children's skills and HME factors was negative (Grade 1 HME-formal) — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
formal-hme-reversed-lower-risk |
title |
Among lower-risk children, higher formal HME was associated with worse arithmetic performance, a reversed association already present at ages 2 and 5 |
description |
Among lower-risk children, higher formal HME was associated with worse arithmetic performance, a reversed association already present at ages 2 and 5 |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2025 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-23 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — torppa-2025 |
Frontmatter is the page's machine-readable record — see the Schema & Guide.