A 3D printing-assisted family-school-hospital collaborative education model was associated with larger gains in medical interns' knowledge of urinary system tumor early screening than traditional teaching, in a non-randomised comparison
In a non-randomised pre-post study of 120 interns grouped by boarding status, the group given the 3D printing-assisted family-school-hospital programme gained more on a knowledge test than the traditionally taught group (d = 0.56 in the abstract, 0.88 in the results section); the authors state the design shows an association, not that the programme caused the gain