Claims

Gains in source evaluation held regardless of the order in which students took the two assessment forms

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r1 · q2
Currency · newest study 2021 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims

Reading the evidence codes

q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.

This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.

q2 i? Scores improved significantly in both counterbalanced sections: Section 1 rose from 3.59 to 7.7 points and Section 2 from 4.3 to 6.49 points. → Breakstone 2021

Evidence

Breakstone 2021

Breakstone, J., Smith, M., Connors, P., Ortega, T., Kerr, D., & Wineburg, S. (2021). Lateral reading: College students learn to critically evaluate internet sources in an online course. Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) Misinformation Review. https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-56

q2 · i? · causal · r1

Counterbalanced administration across the two course sections, analyzed with a repeated-measures ANOVA controlling for order effects. Section 2, taking the forms in the opposite order, improved from 4.3 points (SE = .32) to 6.49 points (SE = .42); no effect size was printed.

"Scores improved significantly regardless of the order in which students took the two forms (see Figure 1). For Section 1, which took Form A at pretest and Form B at posttest, mean scores improved from 3.59 points (SE = .31, 95% CI 2.97 to 4.21) to 7.7 points (SE = .42, 95% CI 6.83 to 8.49)."

Discussion

Page metadata
Field Value
type claim
id gains-robust-to-test-form-order
title Gains in source evaluation held regardless of the order in which students took the two assessment forms
description Gains in source evaluation held regardless of the order in which students took the two assessment forms
status review
evidence_strength moderate
newest_evidence 2021
generated by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-15
trust unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content
sources 1 — breakstone-2021

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