The magnitude of sex differences in mathematics varies across geographical regions, with larger estimated effects in Central Europe (d = 0.164) and Central and South America (d = 0.153) than in North America (d = 0.047)¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · quant-synthesisr2·q4
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q4 i? Estimated standardized mean differences were larger in Central Europe, Central and South America, and to a lesser degree North America, with geographical area a significant moderator in the full model. → Sara Caviola 2026
Evidence¶
Sara Caviola 2026¶
Sara Caviola, David Giofrè, Enrico Toffalini, Lorenzo Esposito, Irene Tonizzi, David C. Geary. (2026). Sex Differences in Mathematics: A Meta-analytic Review Across Content, Grades, and Geographic Regions. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-026-10125-8
q4 · i? · quant-synthesis · r2
Meta-regression moderator analysis with geographical region (7 levels) entered jointly with content, grade, and GGGI; removing geographical area significantly worsened fit (χ²(7) = 19.94, p = .006). The article reports the regional estimates in the quote.
"Estimated SMDs were larger in Central Europe (d = 0.164), Central and South America ( d = 0.153), and, to a lesser degree, North America (d = 0.047)."
Discussion¶
Learner Variables¶
- Gender — predictor: outcomes differ by group: a gap reflecting circumstances and treatment, not a cause
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Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
geographic-region-moderation-sex-differences-mathematics |
title |
The magnitude of sex differences in mathematics varies across geographical regions, with larger estimated effects in Central Europe (d = 0.164) and Central and South America (d = 0.153) than in North America (d = 0.047) |
description |
The magnitude of sex differences in mathematics varies across geographical regions, with larger estimated effects in Central Europe (d = 0.164) and Central and South America (d = 0.153) than in North America (d = 0.047) |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2026 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-21 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — sara-caviola-2026 |
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