GPT-3.5 performs significantly better on dental licensing examinations from English-speaking countries than non-English-speaking countries¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · quant-synthesisr2·q3
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · recheck by 2028: tool and model accuracy changes quickly
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? GPT-3.5 achieved 57% accuracy on English-speaking countries' examinations versus 48% on non-English-speaking countries' examinations, with a meta-regression coefficient of 0.46 (P = .011). → Liu Mingxin 2025
Evidence¶
Liu Mingxin 2025¶
Liu Mingxin, Okuhara Tsuyoshi, Huang Wenbo, Ogihara Atsushi, Nagao Hikari Sophia, Okada Hiroko, Kiuchi Takahiro. (2025). Large Language Models in Dental Licensing Examinations: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Dental Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2024.10.014
q3 · i? · quant-synthesis · r2
Subgroup analysis of GPT-3.5 performance by examination origin country using a random effects model. The review reports "The P value indicating significant difference was 0.05, suggesting a borderline level of significance".
"The integrate accuracy rate of GPT-3.5 in non-English-speaking countries' examinations was 48% (95% CI: 42%-54%), while in English-speaking countries' examinations, it was 57% (95% CI: 50%-64%). The P value indicating significant difference was 0.05, suggesting a borderline level of significance"
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- GPT-3.5 achieves an integrated accuracy of 54% on dental licensing examinations — related
- GPT-4's performance on dental licensing examinations does not differ significantly between English-speaking and non-English-speaking countries — related
- GPT-4 outperforms GPT-3.5 and Bard on dental licensing examinations, achieving an integrated accuracy of 72% — related
- LLMs perform worse on dental licensing examinations than on medical licensing examinations — related
- GPT-4 performed significantly better on examinations from English-speaking countries (86% vs 80%, P=.02), while GPT-3.5 showed no such difference (P=.72) — reports the opposite
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