Experimental groups differed significantly on prior VR experience and gender composition, which were used as covariates¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · causal r2–r3 · q3
Currency · newest study 2024 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? The four condition groups differed significantly in previous experience with VR and in the proportion of males and females, so subsequent analyses used VR experience and gender as covariates. → Klingenberg 2024 q3 i? The groups did not differ significantly on age, English proficiency, self-reported prior knowledge, or previous experience with PCs. → Klingenberg 2024 (2)

Evidence¶

Klingenberg 2024¶

Klingenberg, S., Bosse, R., Mayer, R. E., & Makransky, G. (2024). Does Embodiment in Virtual Reality Boost Learning Transfer? Testing an Immersion-Interactivity Framework. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09956-0

q3 · i? · causal · r2

Preliminary one-way ANOVAs checked whether the four randomly assigned groups differed on basic characteristics. The VR-experience ANOVA was significant, F(3,173) = 2.99, p = 0.03, with the printed group means; the article states the "following analyses were conducted using previous experience with VR and gender as covariates."

"However, there was a significant difference among the groups on previous experience with VR, F (3,173) = 2.99, p = 0.03, with mean ratings of 2.43 (SD = 1.34) for the VR congruent group, 2.95 (SD = 1.25) for the VR incidental group, 2.53 (SD = 1.18) for the PC congruent group, and 2.24 (SD = 1.13) for the PC incidental group."

Klingenberg 2024 (2)¶

Klingenberg, S., Bosse, R., Mayer, R. E., & Makransky, G. (2024). Does Embodiment in Virtual Reality Boost Learning Transfer? Testing an Immersion-Interactivity Framework. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09956-0

q3 · i? · causal · r3

The same preliminary ANOVA checks found no significant group differences on age, English proficiency, self-reported prior knowledge of pipetting or serial dilution, or previous PC experience, with the printed F and p values; no effect sizes are reported.

"One-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) indicated that the groups did not differ significantly on age, F (3,173) = 0.505, p = 0.68; English proficiency, F(3,173) = 0.051, p = 0.99; self-reported prior knowledge of using a micropipette or conducting a serial dilution, F (3,173) = 2.50, p = 0.06; or previous experience with PCs, F(3,173) = 0.798, p = 0.50."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

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