Handwriting duration of the first letter improves massively between Grade 1 and Grade 3, then plateaus¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q2 · i3 large
Currency · newest study 2021 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i3 First-letter writing duration decreased with grade, with 1st graders slower than 3rd and 5th graders, who did not differ from each other. → Danna 2021

Evidence¶

Danna 2021¶

Danna, J., Longcamp, M., Nalborczyk, L., Velay, J.-L., Commengé, C., & Jover, M. (2021). Interaction between orthographic and graphomotor constraints in learning to write. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3596-880X

q2 · i3 · causal · r2

ANOVA on first-letter duration in the main experiment with 65 students across Grades 1, 3 and 5 writing five-letter words on a digitizing tablet. The article reports "a main effect of Grade on mean duration, F(2, 62) = 63.20, p <.001. η²p = 0.67", with post-hoc tests showing 1st graders slower than the older groups.

"The ANOVA also revealed a main effect of Grade on mean duration, F(2, 62) = 63.20, p <.001. η²p = 0.67."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Writing Skills — outcome: instruction changes it

Related Claims¶

• The graphomotor difficulty of the first letter affects handwriting duration, velocity, stops and size in all grades — related
• The lexical frequency effect on writing a difficult first letter is present only in 1st graders, indicating spelling-motor interference before handwriting automation — related
• Graphemic complexity of the final letters has only marginal effects, limited to letter size — related
• A pre-experiment cluster analysis identified b, f, g and p as the most graphomotor-difficult cursive consonants for 1st graders — related