Higher performers outperformed struggling readers on posttest comprehension after controlling for pretest, on both WJ-III and RAPID measures¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · associational r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2021 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? On WJ-III Passage Comprehension posttest, higher performers scored significantly better than struggling readers. → Fang 2021 q2 i? On RAPID posttest, higher performers scored significantly better than both struggling readers and under-engaged readers. → Fang 2021 (2)

Evidence¶

Fang 2021¶

Fang, Y., Lippert, A., Cai, Z., Chen, S., Frijters, J. C., Greenberg, D., & Graesser, A. C. (2021). Patterns of Adults with Low Literacy Skills Interacting with an Intelligent Tutoring System. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-021-00266-y

q2 · i? · associational · r2

General linear regression predicting WJ-III posttest from pretest and cluster (F(4, 207) = 113.8, p < .001, R² = 0.68). Main effect of cluster was significant (p = 0.04), accounting for R² of .01.

"The pairwise comparison with Tukey’s method indicated that higher performers performed better than struggling readers ( t (207) = 2.84, p = 0.02). The differences between other groups were not stat istically significant."

Fang 2021 (2)¶

Fang, Y., Lippert, A., Cai, Z., Chen, S., Frijters, J. C., Greenberg, D., & Graesser, A. C. (2021). Patterns of Adults with Low Literacy Skills Interacting with an Intelligent Tutoring System. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-021-00266-y

q2 · i? · associational · r2

General linear model on log-transformed RAPID scores predicting posttest from pretest and cluster (F(4, 155) = 65.59, p < .001, R² = 0.62). Main effect of cluster significant (p = 0.01), R² of .03.

"The pairwise comparison using Tukey’s method indicated that higher per formers scored significantly better than struggling readers (t (155) = 3.31,p = 0.01) and under-engaged readers (t (155) = 2.75, p = 0.03) on the posttest."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Adults with low literacy using AutoTutor fall into four behavioral clusters: higher performers, conscientious readers, under-engaged readers, and struggling readers — a broader claim this one bears on
• Only one of 38 severely struggling middle school readers met a standard-score benchmark of 93 for adequate response to intervention after the study — related
• Neither treatment nor typical-practice students with severe reading difficulties demonstrated significant standard-score growth over the 13-week study — related