The authors interpret the same-offense discipline gap as suggesting possible implicit bias against Black students and students with disabilities¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associationalr2·q1
Currency · newest study 2019 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · overdue for a recheck since 2024: baselines and conditions change
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q1 i? The authors offer implicit bias as a possible explanation for inequitable punishment for the same offenses; the snapshot presents no direct test of bias. → Johanna Lacoe 2019
Evidence¶
Johanna Lacoe 2019¶
Johanna Lacoe, Mikia Manley. (2019). Disproportionality in School Discipline: An Assessment in Maryland through 2018 (Study Snapshot). Regional Educational Laboratory Mid-Atlantic. https://www.mathematica.org/publications/disproportionality-in-school-discipline-an-assessment-in-maryland-through-2018-study-snapshot
q1 · i? · associational · r2
This is the authors' interpretation of the disparity findings, not a tested result: the snapshot states that inequitable punishment "suggests the possibility that implicit bias" plays a role, and offers no evidence or analysis directly measuring bias.
"Inequitable punishment for the same offenses suggests the possibility that implicit bias against Black students and students with disabilities plays a role."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- For the same types of infractions, Black students and students with disabilities were significantly more likely to receive out-of-school suspensions than other subgroups — related
- Black students and students with disabilities in Maryland were suspended and expelled at more than twice the rates of other students — related
- Within fight pairs, Black and poor students are punished more harshly than the opponents they fight — related
- Prior studies of discipline disparities were limited by a selection challenge that prevented identifying discrimination — related
- Black and poor students are suspended from US schools at higher rates than White and nonpoor students — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
implicit-bias-possible-discipline-disparities |
title |
The authors interpret the same-offense discipline gap as suggesting possible implicit bias against Black students and students with disabilities |
description |
The authors interpret the same-offense discipline gap as suggesting possible implicit bias against Black students and students with disabilities |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
weak |
newest_evidence |
2019 |
recheck_by |
2024 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-08 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — johanna-lacoe-2019 |
Frontmatter is the page's machine-readable record — see the Schema & Guide.