Independent-style preservice teachers score higher on open-mindedness than avoidant, collaborative, and competitive styles¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2018 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

Reading the evidence codes

q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.

This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.

q3 i? Games Howell post hoc analysis showed individuals with independent learning style scored significantly higher on open-mindedness than those with avoidant, collaborative, and competitive learning styles. → Balta 2018

Evidence¶

Balta 2018¶

Balta, E. E. (2018). Reflective Thinking Tendencies and Epistemological Beliefs in Terms of Learning Styles. International Journal of Higher Education, 7(6). https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v7n6p106

q3 · i? · associational · r2

Games Howell post hoc comparison from Table 4 (independent n=108, avoidant n=33, collaborative n=97, competitive n=30). Printed means: independent 4.25, avoidant 3.70, collaborative 3.99, competitive 3.87; the discussion notes avoidant style had the lowest mean in open-mindedness.

"Individuals with independent learning style had significantly higher scores from dimension of open -minded than those with avoidant, collaborative, and competitive learning styles."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

Learning-Style Preferences — predictor: learners reporting different styles differed here; not a test of matching instruction to style

Collaborative-style preservice teachers score higher on continuous and intentional thinking than avoidant and dependent styles — related
Avoidant-style preservice teachers hold stronger certainty-of-knowledge beliefs than participant-style peers — related
Preservice teachers' epistemological beliefs differ significantly by learning style in all four dimensions — a broader claim this one bears on
Preservice teachers' reflective thinking tendencies differ statistically by learning style in all seven dimensions — a broader claim this one bears on

Page metadata

Field	Value
`type`	`claim`
`id`	`independent-style-higher-open-mindedness`
`title`	`Independent-style preservice teachers score higher on open-mindedness than avoidant, collaborative, and competitive styles`
`description`	`Independent-style preservice teachers score higher on open-mindedness than avoidant, collaborative, and competitive styles`
`status`	`review`
`evidence_strength`	`moderate`
`newest_evidence`	`2018`
`generated`	by `process:wiki-ingest` on `2026-09-26`
`trust`	unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content
`sources`	1 — `balta-2018`

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