Instructions increased self-testing and cumulative learning but not study choices or feedback seeking in Experiment 1¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · causal r2 · q3 · i2 medium
Currency · newest study 2018 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i2 The instructed group chose to self-test more than the control group; study choice frequency did not differ. → Ariel 2018 q3 i2 The instructed group recalled 90% of items at least once during learning versus 70% in the control group, and attempted retrieval for nearly all items. → Ariel 2018 (2)

Evidence¶

Ariel 2018¶

Ariel, R., & Karpicke, J. D. (2018). Improving Self-Regulated Learning With a Retrieval Practice Intervention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied. https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000133

q3 · i2 · causal · r2

Experiment 1 analysis of three self-regulated learning measures: study decisions, self-test decisions, and feedback choices per item. Study choices did not differ, t(58) = 0.70, p = .49; feedback choices were at ceiling (96%+ of trials) in both groups and "did not differ much across groups".

"the retrieval practice instructions group chose to self-test more than did the control group, t(58) = 3.23, p < .01, d = 0.83 [0.30, 1.36]"

Ariel 2018 (2)¶

Ariel, R., & Karpicke, J. D. (2018). Improving Self-Regulated Learning With a Retrieval Practice Intervention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied. https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000133

q3 · i2 · causal · r2

Experiment 1 cumulative learning analysis across test practice blocks (Table 2). The instructed group also used retrieval practice at least once for 99% of items versus 88% in control, t(58) = 2.51, p < .05, d = 0.65.

"The retrieval practice instructions group recalled 90% of items at least once during learning compared to 70% in the control group, t(58) = 2.73, p < .01, d = 0.71 [0.18, 1.22]."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Learners underuse effective learning strategies such as spacing and retrieval practice — the general claim this finding bears on, with the studies behind it
• Instructed students allocated more total time to learning, and time was correlated with successful retrieval attempts — related
• Learners misjudge which learning strategies are effective — related
• Effects of instructions on some measures were inconsistent across experiments, and instructed students did not recall all items to criterion — related