Three factors make for overlapping between grades — test unreliability, unimportance of the function tested, and improper classification — and improper classification can be established only when the first two are ruled out¶
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Evidence · 1 study · theoreticalr?·q1
Currency · newest study 1918 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
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q1 i? The article names three causes of overlapping: unreliability of tests, unimportance of the function tested, and failure to properly classify; improper classification is established only when the first two are known not to be the causes. → Truman L. Kelley; Ernest C. Witham 1918
Evidence¶
Truman L. Kelley; Ernest C. Witham 1918¶
Truman L. Kelley; Ernest C. Witham. (1918). Communications and Discussions. The Journal of Educational Psychology. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Educational_Psychology
q1 · i? · theoretical · r?
An analytical statement by Kelley, offered without data, enumerating the causes of overlapping between grade distributions. It argues the three-factor attribution: "unreliability of tests", "unimportance of function tested", and "failure to properly classify".
"Three factors make for overlapping: (a) unreliability of tests; (b) unimportance of function tested; and (c) failure to properly classify, and only in so far as the first two are known not to be the causes can improper classification be established."
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Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
kelley-three-factors-overlapping |
title |
Three factors make for overlapping between grades — test unreliability, unimportance of the function tested, and improper classification — and improper classification can be established only when the first two are ruled out |
description |
Three factors make for overlapping between grades — test unreliability, unimportance of the function tested, and improper classification — and improper classification can be established only when the first two are rul... |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
weak |
newest_evidence |
1918 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-24 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — truman-l-kelley-ernest-c-witham-1918 |
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