Kindergarten expressive language predicts grade 1 arithmetic, adding 4.6% of explained variance beyond kindergarten arithmetic¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2013 · checked against its sources 2026-10-18 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? In the longitudinal regression, only expressive language remained a significant predictor of grade 1 arithmetic (p = .035), and productive language added 4.6% of variance controlling for kindergarten arithmetic. → Praet 2013

Evidence¶

Praet 2013¶

Praet, M., Titeca, D., Ceulemans, A., & Desoete, A. (2013). Language in the prediction of arithmetic in kindergarten and grade 1. Learning and Individual Differences (manuscript LAEIND-D-12-OO174R1). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/LAEIND-D-12-OO174R1

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Longitudinal regression with grade 1 KRT-R as outcome for the same 63 children retested one year later; kindergarten arithmetic predicted 29.9% of grade 1 variance, and "productive language added 4.6% to the prediction".

"In addition productive language added 4.6% to the prediction when controlling for kindergarten arithmetic (F 2, 62) = 15.78, p < .001, R² = .345)."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Communication Skills — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes
• Operations and Place Value — outcome: instruction changes it
• Oral Language — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

Related Claims¶

• Expressive language in kindergarten explains 24% of the variance in kindergarten arithmetic controlling for number naming and procedural counting knowledge — related
• Kindergarten logical thinking correlates with arithmetic but does not explain unique variance once other predictors are included — related