L1 and L2 speakers differed in types of nonverbal devices used, with no significant overall difference in use between groups¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · design r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2020 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · overdue for a recheck since 2025: baselines and conditions change

Subclaims¶

q2 i? L1 speakers used more one-finger, facial, head, and full-body movements, while L2 speakers used more two-handed gestures and wrist movements; overall use showed no significant differences between groups. → Catherine Rockey 2020

Evidence¶

Catherine Rockey 2020¶

Catherine Rockey, Jessica Tiegs, and Julieta Fernández. (2020). Mobile Application Use in Technology-Enhanced DCTs. CALICO Journal. https://doi.org/10.1558/cj.38773

q2 · i? · design · r2

Descriptive rate-of-use analysis (devices per participant) comparing 8 L1 and 5 L2 Spanish speakers; the discussion states there were "no significant differences between L1 and L2 speakers" in overall use. The L2 group was the only group to use a closed-fist gesture.

"The L1 speakers used slightly more one-finger gestures (L1 rate: 1.5; L2 rate: 0.2) as well as more facial expressions (L1: 4.75; L2: 3.4), head (L1: 2.75; L2: 1.6) and full body (L1: 1.4; L2: 0.6) movements than did the L2 group."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Facial expression was the most common nonverbal attention-getting device, and the open hand the most common hand gesture — related
• Mobile-application TE-DCTs capture nonverbal attention-getters in the large majority of both L1 and L2 responses across all scenarios — related
• Scenario type (social distance and power differential) did not appear to affect the overall number of nonverbal devices used — related
• Participants showed little metapragmatic awareness of their own nonverbal attention-getting devices in immediate recall — related