Attitudes and demographics predicted empathy in the prostitute-label group but not the trafficking-label group¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · causal r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2019 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

Reading the evidence codes

q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.

This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.

q3 i? In the APPS group, race significantly predicted overall empathy (R2 = .07, F(6,186) = 2.357, p < .01); in the ATTS group the regression was not significant (R2 = .05, F(6,194) = 1.829, p > .05). → Litam 2019 q3 i? Subscale results were condition-specific: race and gender predicted Perspective Taking only in the APPS group, while gender and attitude predicted Affective Response only in the ATTS group. → Litam 2019 (2)

Evidence¶

Litam 2019¶

Litam, S. D. A. (2019). She's Just a Prostitute: The Effects of Labels on Counselor Attitudes, Empathy, and Rape Myth Acceptance. The Professional Counselor, 9(4), 396-415. https://doi.org/10.15241/sdal.9.4.396

q3 · i? · causal · r2

Hierarchical regressions predicting overall EAI empathy scores separately in each randomly assigned label group. The predictor set was significant only under prostitute labels; the article does not report an effect size beyond R2.

"The results of the regression overall indicated that race was a significant predictor of empathy (R2 = .07, F(6,186) = 2.357, p < .01) and explained 7% of the variance for empathy within the APPS group. The results of the regression were not significant (R2 = .05, F(6,194) = 1.829, p > .05) for the ATTS group."

Litam 2019 (2)¶

q3 · i? · causal · r?

Subscale-level regressions showed divergent patterns across label conditions; the article also reports gender and attitude predicting Affective Response only in the ATTS group (R2 = .089), and no significant predictors for Self-Other Awareness in either group.

"Within the APPS group, race and gender significantly predicted the empathy construct of Perspective Taking (R2 = .105) and explained 10% of the variance. ATTS scores and counselor demographics did not predict scores on the Perspective Taking subscale of empathy (R2 = .044, F(6,195) = 1.494, p > .05)."

Discussion¶

Building Empathy Improves Intergroup Attitudes — the general claim this finding bears on, with the studies behind it
Attitudes, gender, and age predict counselors' rape myth acceptance in both label conditions — related
Counselors exposed to 'sex trafficking' labels reported more victimization-oriented attitudes than counselors exposed to 'prostitute' labels — related
Male counselors reported more rape myth acceptance and lower empathy than female counselors — related
Counselors without prior training on prostitution/sex trafficking endorsed more stigmatizing beliefs and more rape myths — related

Page metadata

Field	Value
`type`	`claim`
`id`	`label-condition-moderates-empathy-predictors`
`title`	`Attitudes and demographics predicted empathy in the prostitute-label group but not the trafficking-label group`
`description`	`Attitudes and demographics predicted empathy in the prostitute-label group but not the trafficking-label group`
`status`	`review`
`evidence_strength`	`mixed`
`newest_evidence`	`2019`
`generated`	by `process:wiki-ingest` on `2026-09-26`
`trust`	unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content
`sources`	2 — `litam-2019`, `litam-2019-2`

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